Sunday, May 17, 2015

Some Devarim

In chapter 9 of Sefer Devarim we find the Pasuk 22:

וּבְתַבְעֵרָה, וּבְמַסָּה, וּבְקִבְרֹת, הַתַּאֲוָה--מַקְצִפִים הֱיִיתֶם, אֶת-יְהוָה

The Pasuk explains the background why HaShem was so angry, as He was angry at Aharon (Pasuk 20) for making the Golden Calf. But what follows, in the Pesukim 23, 24 is mindboggling:

וּבִשְׁלֹחַ יְהוָה אֶתְכֶם, מִקָּדֵשׁ בַּרְנֵעַ לֵאמֹר, עֲלוּ וּרְשׁוּ אֶת-הָאָרֶץ, אֲשֶׁר נָתַתִּי לָכֶם; וַתַּמְרוּ, אֶת-פִּי יְהוָה אֱלֹהֵיכֶם, וְלֹא הֶאֱמַנְתֶּם לוֹ, וְלֹא שְׁמַעְתֶּם בְּקֹלוֹ. מַמְרִים הֱיִיתֶם, עִם-יְהוָה, מִיּוֹם, דַּעְתִּי אֶתְכֶם

First of all, this is a repetition of kinds of chapter 1. Why is this brought up again? Second, note the slight differences between 1:22 and 9:23, it looks that 9:23 comes from the priestly version. Third, this happened after the Golden Calf, so it surely is not a reason for HaShem being angry here.

The key to the solution is the realization that Pasuk 9:22 has the third problem also. The places Taberah and Kibroth Hattaavah are places of Divine anger, but this takes place in BaMidbar 11, also after the Golden Calf. It is only in the Torah Kedumah that the text is restored, and the event in these places are indeed next to Masah, before the Golden Calf.

We conclude that a late editor, probably the redactor R, added the Pesukim 9:23,24, to hide that he was the one that moved material to BaMidbar 11, as explained.

In the same chapter, verse 10 is very (too) elaborate, and uses the expression בְּאֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים, an expression of P. I propose that it is an addition too, by the redactor R to make us believe that D "knew" P.

And now that we are at it, the verse 1:39:

וְטַפְּכֶם אֲשֶׁר אֲמַרְתֶּם לָבַז יִהְיֶה, וּבְנֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יָדְעוּ הַיּוֹם טוֹב וָרָע--הֵמָּה, יָבֹאוּ שָׁמָּה; וְלָהֶם אֶתְּנֶנָּה, וְהֵם יִירָשׁוּהָ

should be, in terms of D:

וּבְנֵיכֶם אֲשֶׁר לֹא-יָדְעוּ הַיּוֹם טוֹב וָרָע--הֵמָּה, יָבֹאוּ שָׁמָּה; וְלָהֶם אֶתְּנֶנָּה, וְהֵם יִירָשׁוּהָ

The difference is a citation of P, presumably by R, or even later.